Biology by Bradford
1.4.AThree glucose polymers
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1.4 Carbohydrates: revision map
The subtopic in the middle and four tasks round it: label a diagram, complete a table and fill 12 gaps. Every box rests on a learning objective of the topic in the AP Biology course and exam description. Type into the blanks and check them, or print it on A4, Letter or A3 with an answer key.
Carbohydrates
AP Biology ยท Unit 1 Chemistry of LifeHover over a box to see it. Untick it to leave it off this sheet and its printout.
Name1.4.AWhy the linkage matters
Sugar monomers join through bonds, and the way each ring is oriented sets the polymer's properties. Starch and glycogen are built from alpha glucose, so the chain can coil and enzymes can easily cut it. Cellulose is built from glucose, so its chains stay straight, pack together and resist being pulled apart, and most animals cannot digest it. A branched polymer such as glycogen has many free ends, so enzymes can release many glucose units at once.
Topic 1.4Carbohydrates
1.4.APolysaccharides compared
| Polymer | Found in | Shape | Job |
|---|---|---|---|
| plants | coiled, little branching | stores energy | |
| animals and fungi | highly branched | stores energy, released fast from liver and muscle | |
| plant cell walls | unbranched, chains held side by side by hydrogen bonds | gives |
1.4.ASugars and energy
Glucose is the main fuel for cell respiration. Cells store the excess as a polymer, which is osmotically less active than the same number of free glucose molecules, and release glucose by when it is needed. A dimer such as sucrose or lactose is formed by linking two monosaccharides, with loss of a molecule of .
Word bank betabranch pointCelluloseglucoseGlycogenglycosidicglycosidic linkagehydrogen bondshydrolysisStarchstructurewater
Answer key
Every box on the sheet with its gaps filled in, as the subtopic reads in full.
LabelThree glucose polymers
- branch point
- glucose
- glycosidic linkage
- hydrogen bonds
TablePolysaccharides compared
Polymer Found in Shape Job Starch plants coiled, little branching stores energy Glycogen animals and fungi highly branched stores energy, released fast from liver and muscle Cellulose plant cell walls unbranched, chains held side by side by hydrogen bonds gives structure GapsWhy the linkage matters
Sugar monomers join through glycosidic bonds, and the way each ring is oriented sets the polymer's properties. Starch and glycogen are built from alpha glucose, so the chain can coil and enzymes can easily cut it. Cellulose is built from beta glucose, so its chains stay straight, pack together and resist being pulled apart, and most animals cannot digest it. A branched polymer such as glycogen has many free ends, so enzymes can release many glucose units at once.
GapsSugars and energy
Glucose is the main fuel for cell respiration. Cells store the excess as a polymer, which is osmotically less active than the same number of free glucose molecules, and release glucose by hydrolysis when it is needed. A dimer such as sucrose or lactose is formed by linking two monosaccharides, with loss of a molecule of water.